Heating and cooling technology is used in chemistry and biology to modify conditions for a reaction or organism. The most basic form of heating processing involves a Bunsen burner. However, other techniques can employ water baths, ovens, and more. On the other hand, cooling processes typically employ refrigerators and freezers set to a precise temperature to reduce or abate the rate of a reaction or organism growth.

In cellular biology, heating and cooling technology are used to create conditions optimal for an organism or cell's growth.